Complex behaviour in many systems arises from the stochastic interactions of spatially distributed particles or agents. Stochastic reaction–diffusion processes are widely used to model such behaviour ...

Fitting models to data is an important part of the practice of science. Advances in machine learning have made it possible to fit more—and more complex—models, but have also exacerbated a problem: ...

a) KLA-Tencor Corporation, Austin, TX 78759, U.S.A. b) KLA-Tencor Corporation, Milpitas, CA 95035, U.S.A. Stochastics effects are the ultimate limiter of optical lithography technology and are a major ...