Traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems often encounter challenges related to nonlinearity and time-variability. Original dung beetle optimizer (DBO) offers fast convergence ...

Industrial process control requires stable control of processes with time-varying operating conditions and complex dynamics. Continuous stirred-tank heaters (CSTH) are an important process control ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...